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Aqueous Ammonia

Aqueous Ammonia – A Versatile Chemical for Industrial and Agricultural Use

Aqueous Ammonia, also known as Ammonium Hydroxide (NH₄OH), is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong, pungent odor. It is a solution of ammonia gas (NH₃) dissolved in water and is widely used across various industries, including agriculture, water treatment, pharmaceuticals, and chemical manufacturing. Due to its alkaline nature, it is an essential reagent for pH control, cleaning, and fertilizer production.

Composition and Chemical Properties

Aqueous Ammonia is an equilibrium mixture of ammonia gas and water, forming ammonium hydroxide. It is highly soluble in water and releases ammonia vapors when exposed to air. The solution is strongly alkaline, with a pH typically between 11 and 12, making it effective for neutralization and cleaning applications. It has a pungent ammonia-like odor, and its density and boiling point vary with concentration. For example, a 28% solution has a density of approximately 0.88 g/cm³. However, upon heating, it decomposes into ammonia gas and water, requiring careful handling and storage.

Safety, Storage, and Handling

Aqueous Ammonia is a highly alkaline and volatile solution that requires careful handling to prevent health and environmental hazards. Direct exposure to its vapors or liquid can cause skin irritation, eye damage, and respiratory issues. For safe storage, it should be kept in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers made of plastic or stainless steel. It must be stored in a well-ventilated area, away from heat, direct sunlight, and incompatible substances like acids and oxidizers to prevent hazardous reactions

Conclusion

Aqueous Ammonia is a highly versatile and essential chemical used in agriculture, water treatment, industrial cleaning, and chemical manufacturing. Its strong alkaline nature makes it effective for pH regulation, neutralization, and cleaning applications. However, due to its volatility and potential hazards, proper storage, handling, and safety precautions must be followed to ensure safe usage. With responsible use and adherence to safety guidelines, Aqueous Ammonia remains a cost-effective and valuable solution across various industries.